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You can find here all the important expressions and explanations regarding eye disorders, visual defects and refractive surgery. 5/5 or 1,0 eyesight means that an average eye can clearly see a letter at a distance of 5 meters. Those that have 5/10 (0,5) eyesight, can see a letter at 5m that someone with normal vision can see at 10m. 5/50 (0,1) vision indicated that a letter that can be seen at 5 meters, can be see by a person with normal/average vision at 50 meters. Most countries require you to have 0.5 vision, without the use of glasses or contact lens, in order to receive a driver's license. Vision that cannot be corrected with the help of any type of optical tool without causing some type of injury. This is the result of a developmental dysfunction, where in childhood "the eye does not learn how to see". If it is not detected in time and treated, it will become permanent. This is important in regards to refractive surgery, because with or without treatment, it can only be corrected up until the best possible condition before treatment. If amblyopia is not severe, glasses, contact lenses or refractive surgery can help a good deal. This, however, is only possible in very unique cases, so you absolutely have to discuss it with your doctor. An additional important factor that applies to amblyopia is that if the lazy eye is very severe, you have to consider the risk involved in having surgery on the healthy eye as well. Astigmatism is a visual defect in which the cornea has an irregular shape. It is not a standard sphere, but resembles an oval or egg. The oblong shape causes light to focus on two points on the back of the eye, rather than jsut one. You may notice that you have blurred vision when viewing objects near and far. Astimgatism can be found with either or both myopia or hyperopia. It can be corrected with cylinder shaped glasses. This is the best vision you are capable of with the use of the best glasses. This is a mirror of our eye's health. This does not just mean our eyes can not focus correctly, but near-sightedness, far-sightedness or astigmatism. The best corrected vision is measured on the same scale as raw vision and it can also be affected by objective and subjective factors. (Objective factors: ie. Peripheral vision, color and sensitivity to contrast. Subjective factors: illumination, blurriness, and distortion.)
The cornea is the eye's outermost layer. It is the clear, dome-shaped
surface that covers the front of the eye, "the colored part". Its shape
is what is largely reponsible for the refractive ability of the eye.
This is why this area is where laser refractive surgery takes place.
Dry eyes
Tears keep your eyes wet. Over the years, your tear's "lubricating effect" may decrease and the quantity produced may also diminish. This may be the problem, often when you feel there is a foreign object in your eye, burning or itching, or have tearing problems. There is a possibility of these problems after any eye surgery, but especially after refractive surgery. This means that for months you may need to use eye drops on a regular basis. Dryness, in addition to the symptoms listed above, may also disrupt visibility. After a short time (which may be upto 6 months), you can stop using the drops (naturally, this varies).
A beam of light that uses energy to break-up molecular bonds.
It can burn the corneal tissue thus readjusting its curve and
refractive ability. (the same laser beam is used in every type of
surgery) Integrated diagnostic and therapy unit. Our clinic uses an integrated examining and operating unit that is a
comprehensive system. Its most important components are the ORSCAN,
corneal topographic device, which uses many thousand points to map the
cornea, the Zywave aberrometer, and the laser system.
Far-sightedness is the opposite of myopia (near-sightedness). The eye is too short, causing the light that enters the eye to fall behind the retina and images seem blurry. At a young age, far-sightedness can be compensated automatically by the internal muscles of the eye (hidden far-sightedness). In this case, vision is clear, but the eye tires out quickly when looking at close objects and it may cause headaches. In old age, we cannot see clearly near or far.
LASIK (Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis)
A refractive laser surgery performed on the cornea. A flap is created out of the cornea, followed by the treatment, which is performed on the middle layer of the cornea. The flap is returned to its original position after the treatment.
Measurement of Refraction
Measurement of vision with the help of different lenses. This type of measurement is partly science and partly art. It uses different objective and subjective tests. Particular elements, such as the examiner, type of test, time of day, lighting, and eye drops can bring out slightly varied results. Before any type of refractive surgery, it is vitally important to determine the degree of the light reflection error.
More advanced refractive errors
Refractive problems that effect clear vision, but can not be corrected with glasses or contact lenses. They can be detected with wavefront analysis.
Myopia = near-sightedness
Near sightedness is a condition in which the eye becomes too long from front to back, causing images to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it. Because of this error, objects at a distance become blurry and difficult to focus on. Close objects can be seen clear, whereas objects at a distance are blurry.
Night vision, illumination
Every current refractive procedure is performed on the corneal region. The area of adjustment or optical zone, is approximately 6mm, but that does not include the entire cornea. In the dark, our pupils expand to allow more light to enter the eye. If the pupil expands past the size of the optical zone, light refracts differently and a halo like ring may be seen. It also reduces the eyes ability to detect contrast. Even if you see clearly during the day or in a well lit area, this effect can be very disturbing while driving or playing tennis at night. If these types of activities are an important part of your life, you should talk to your doctor about this before the surgery.
Presbyopia
In youth, the eye is capable of focusing on objects at continously changing distances. We see clearly at any distance, unless you have myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism. For example, a child can see clearly at a distance and can still see the end of his/her nose or anywhere in a close sphere. This ability to flexibly change focus decreases over time. Usually beginning in the 40s, more and more people begin experiencing blurred vision at near points, such as when reading, sewing or working on the computer. At this point surgical procedures are not capable of curing this age related process. However, in most cases, there is a way to get around it: adjust one eye to see far, the other to see near. This is called monovision correction.
PRK (Photorefractive keratectomia)
A traditional laser procedure performed on the surface of the cornea.In the beginning of the surgery the outer layer of the cornea is removed. This is followed by the laser correction. The cornea grows approximately three days after the surgery.
Raw eyesight
All this means is your ability to see without the use of glasses or contact lenses. We have experienced that people are satisfied with their vision, if they are at 0.5 or think they see fairly well at 0.8. Naturally, this varies considerably. Eyesight without correction can be affected by both objective and subjective factors. (Objective factors: ie. Peripheral vision, color and sensitivity to contrast. Subjective factors: illumination, blurriness, and distortion.)
Refraction
Problems related to the way the eye bends light, for example, near-sightedness, far-sightedness, or astigmatism.
Refractive procedures
Surgery that corrects the way your eye bends light, so that an image is focused on the retina.
ZYOPTIX
Individualized LASIK technique, which is sensitive to the most minor refractive abnormalities. It is the most modern type of refractive surgery available.
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